Resumen
Los Disruptores Endocrinos son sustancias químicas con la capacidad de interferir con la función normal del sistema endocrino causando efectos indeseados para la salud de un organismo intacto y su progenie. La exposición a estos compuestos ha sido relacionada con diversas enfermedades tales como cáncer, infertilidad, cambios en el comportamiento y, en los últimos años, con el incremento acelerado en los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad; de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estas enfermedades casi se han triplicado entre 1975 y 2016. A este tipo de Disruptores Endocrinos se les conoce como obesógenos, compuestos químicos que interfieren en los procesos que regulan el metabolismo lipídico, así como en los mecanismos de control de la diferenciación y proliferación de adipocitos.
El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica consiste en aportar información actualizada sobre la relación entre la exposición crónica a Disruptores Endocrinos y el incremento, en los últimos años, en los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad. La búsqueda de información se realizó en bases de datos como PUBMED, y en páginas web oficiales
como las de OMS, EFSA, FDA y EPA, entre otras.
Finalmente, la evidencia que existe hasta el momento sugiere la posibilidad de que exista una probable relación entre la exposición a Disruptores Endocrinos y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Actualmente sólo la Unión Europea, a través de la EFSA, cuenta con una legislación muy estricta para el uso de estos compuestos químicos; desafortunadamente, en nuestro país no existe una ley que los regule, provocando el uso indiscriminado de éstos, en parte por el desconocimiento de sus efectos. Por lo anterior, resulta de gran importancia tomar medidas para disminuir esta exposición y sus efectos, lo que representa un enorme desafío.
Exposure to endocrine disruptors and its probable relation with overweight and obesity
Abstract
Endocrine Disruptors are any chemical substance with the ability to interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system causing unwanted effects on the health of an intact organism and its progeny. Exposure to these compounds has been related to various diseases such as cancer, infertility, behavioral effects and in recent years with the accelerated increase in the rates of overweight and obesity, since according to the World Health Organization (WHO) these diseases have almost tripled from 1975 to 2016, this type of Endocrine Disruptors is known as obesogens, chemical compounds with the ability to interfere in the processes that regulate lipid metabolism, as well as in the control mechanisms in the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes.
The aim of this bibliographical review is to provide updated information on the relationship between chronic exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and the increase in recent years in the rates of overweight and obesity. The search for information was done in databases such as PUBMED, and official websites such as WHO, EFSA, FDA y EPA, among others.
Finally, the evidence that exists to date suggests the possibility that there is a probable relationship between exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and the presence of overweight and obesity. Currently only the European Union through the EFSA has very strict legislation for the use of these chemical compounds; unfortunately in our country there is no law that regulates them, causing the indiscriminate use of these in part due to ignorance of its effects, which is why it is of great importance to take measures to reduce this exposure and its effects, representing a huge challenge.
Citas
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