Resumen
El 27 de febrero se confirmó el primer caso de COVID-19 en México, una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS- Cov-2. Hasta el 7 de agosto datos de la universidad de John Hopkins muestran 201 millones de infectados en el mundo, mientras que en México 2.94 millones de infectados, causando 4.27 millones de muertes en el ámbito internacional. Objetivo: Describir el comporta- miento clínico y las características asociadas a severi- dad/mortalidad en COVID-19. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los datos de 280 pacientes confirmados a COVID-19 por PCR RT, con expresiones clínicas moderada y severa que ameritaron manejo hospitalario en la Unidad Mé- dica de Alta Especialidad en Puebla del 1 de marzo al 30 junio de 2020. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 54.31 años, y 63.57% (n=178) correspondió a los hom- bres. Comorbilidades encontradas: sobrepeso: 49.28% (n=138), obesidad: 35% (n= 98), hipertensión arterial sistémica: 25.35% (n= 71), diabetes mellitus: 24.64% (n= 69), trasplante renal: 5% (n= 12). La sintomatolo- gía respiratoria se reportó en 86.07% (n= 241). Del total de pacientes sólo 15.71% (44) requirió asistencia me- cánica ventilatoria. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte fueron: Hipertensión arterial Sistémica (HAS) OR = 5.31 (IC95% 2.14-12.75), sexo masculino OR= 4.77 (IC95% 1.65-13.84), Asistencia Mecánica-Ventilatoria (AMV) OR=3.2 (IC95% 1.3-7.86), trasplante OR= 102 (IC95% 14.91-699), y se observó un factor protector denominado síntoma respiratorio OR=0.12 (IC95% 0.05-0.3). Conclusión: La COVID 19 es más prevalente en hombres.
La tasa de mortalidad fue de 17.5% (49/280). Los factores de riesgo para la mortalidad fueron HAS, sexo masculino, AMV, trasplante y, por último, el síntoma respiratorio representó un factor protector.
Clinical overview of COVID-19 behavior in Puebla: Prevalence and Severity
Abstract
On February 27, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Mexico, a disease caused by the SARS Cov-2 virus. Until August 7, data from the John Hopkins University show 201 million infected, while in Mexico 2.94 million infected in the world, causing 4.27 million deaths. Objective: To describe the clinical behavior and characteristics associated with severity/mortality in COVID-19. Methods: Data from 280 patients confirmed to COVID-19 by RT PCR were obtained, with moderate and severe clinical expressions that warranted hospital management at the High Specialty Medical Unit in Puebla from March 1 to June 30, 2020. Results: The mean age was 54.31 years and 63.57% (n = 178) were men. The comorbidities found were overweight: 49.28% (n = 138), obesity: 35% (n = 98), systemic arterial hypertension: 25.35% (n = 71), diabetes mellitus: 24.64% (n = 69), kidney transplantation: 5% (n = 12). Respiratory symptoms were reported in 86.07% (n = 241). Of the total number of patients, only 15.71% (44) required ventilatory mechanical assistance. The risk factors associated with death were Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) OR = 5.31 (95% CI 2.14-12.75), Male sex OR = 4.77 (95% CI 1.65-13.84), Mechanical-Ventilatory Assistance (AMV) OR = 3.2 (95% CI 1.3-7.86), transplantation OR= 102 (95% CI 14.91-699) and there was a protective factor called respiratory symptoms OR = 0.12 (95% CI 0.05-0.3). Conclusion: COVID 19 is more prevalent in men. The mortality rate was 17.5% (49/280). The risk factors for mortality were SAH, male sex, AMV, Transplantation and finally, respiratory symptom was a protective factor.
Citas
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