Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: Mundialmente, el empleo de extrac- tos obtenidos de plantas para tratar y prevenir una gran variedad de enfermedades se ha incrementado conside- rablemente. Entre ellos, destaca el uso del extracto es- tandarizado obtenido a partir de hojas secas de Ginkgo biloba (EGb), planta utilizada desde hace más de 2000 años como remedio fitoterapéutico con reconocidas pro- piedades antioxidantes para el tratamiento de enferme- dades neurológicas y cardiovasculares. Debido al alto contenido de glucósidos flavonoides, particularmente quercetina y canferol, también se ha usado para el tra- tamiento de patologías como el cáncer. Sin embargo, es- tudios recientes han demostrado que los antioxidantes también pueden presentar actividad prooxidante, co- adyuvando a la progresión del cáncer y el desarrollo de tumores. OBJETIVO: En este trabajo se efectúa una revi- sión actualizada del uso y aplicaciones del Ginkgo biloba, a fin de contar con una idea más clara sobre sus carac- terísticas farmacológicas y sus efectos, tanto benéficos como adversos, en modelos in vivo e in vitro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión actualizada en diferentes fuentes de información sobre los usos y efec- tos del Ginkgo biloba. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Aunque los hallazgos indican que el uso del extracto de Ginkgo biloba es efectivo para el tratamiento de una gran cantidad de enfermedades, es necesario conocer, además de su actividad biológica, sus efectos adversos, toxicidad, dosis efectivas y tiempos de administración, entre otros aspectos, que permitan a la población garantizar un buen uso de este producto.
Therapeutic uses of Ginkgo biloba: advantages, disadvantages and perspectives
ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: In the world, the use of extracts from plants to treat and prevent a great variety of diseases, has increased con- siderably. Among them, it stands out the use of the standardized extract obtained from dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba (EGb), a plant used for more than 2000 years as a phytotherapeutic remedy with recognized antioxidant properties for the treatment of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the high content of flavonoid glycosides, particularly quercetin and canferol, it has been used for the treatment of pathologies such as cancer. However, recent stud- ies have shown that antioxidants can also have prooxidant activity, contributing to the progression of cancer and the development of tumors. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this work made an updated review of the use and applications of Ginkgo biloba, to have a clear idea of its pharmacological characteristics and its effects, both beneficial and adverse in in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An updated review was made in different sources of information on the effects and uses of Ginkgo biloba. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Although the evidence found indicates that the use of Ginkgo biloba extract is effective for the treatment of many diseases, it is neces- sary to know, in addition to its biological activity, warnings about adverse effects, toxicity, effective doses and administration times, among others, that allow the population to guarantee a good use of this product.
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